Dynamic system development methodology Essay Example for Free

Dynamic system development methodology Essay Various industries handled information and data manually until 1960 when the first software development methodology was hinted. Software development methodologies are key steps in development of information system. Different methodologies have different requirements in terms of cost, time frame, expert requirement, size of the business, maintenance cost, and flexibility in case of changes in the future among others. Therefore, organizations evaluate each methodology in order to come up with the most effect one for their information system development. Software methodology involves a structural framework to plan and manage the processes that are involved in development of information system.Prototyping and dynamic system methodology will be critically evaluated to understand the role of software methodologies in information system development. Dynamic system development methodology                   The method ensures frequent delivery of information system in businesses. The methodology is can be reversed during development in case of errors, and the requirement is based on high level and integrated testing throughout lifecycle, which allows collaboration and cooperation between all stakeholders (Association of Modern Technologies, 2014 Software Development Methodologies) Figure: 2 Baguio central University,2011. Dynamic System Development Methodology      Critical evaluation                   Since this methodology involves end users and teamwork decision, it forms the best choice for information system development. Future changes can be accommodated since changes are reversible. This methodology follows PRINCE concept since it start with initiation of a project and conclude with crossing of the project. Prototype methodology                  In this methodology, incomplete software is created, which differs with the final product (software development and engineering, 2012 n.p.). The methodology makes it possible to evaluate the software during the development process and design before it gets to the final step. The software can also be tried before integration in an organization. This method allows involvement of the users and evaluation during designing phase and thus increasing the likely hood of easier implementation in any organization. Critical evaluation                  In this methodology, users, builder and system interaction are mandatory. It requires expertise for both builders and end-users. With this model, time and cost are decreased compared to traditional method, which becomes a major consideration when developing information system. This methodology is applied mostly in situations there is risk uncertainty. This methodology is best applied in managerial systems, as its main objective is planning, direction, controlling and decision-making. This forms one of the choices for information system since users can be able to do a value analysis and investment can be made at relative increments.                Prince plays an important role in information system development since it establishes the management, control, and application of the appropriate software for information system. It gives more insight about the software developed and provides authenticity of the software, which is important in making information system decisions. Question 2 According to (Bantra et al, (2010 p 383) agile methodology is based on various values such as Individual and interaction over processes and tools, Working software under comprehensive documentation, Customer or end user collaboration over a contract negotiation the and Responding to changes over following a plan                      The agile methodology builds flexible information systems that can be upgraded or changes in future (Rao, Naidu, Chakka, 2011 p. 42). For example, if an organization wants to expand its system, it can build its new information system on the existing system. Hence, the methodology is adopted where future changes in the information system are expected. Time aspect makes this approach cost effective. The methodology involves the end users at every stage making software development process effective and accurate (Aitken Ilango 2013 4758). In addition, the process is fast and efficient thus ensuring that the information system development easy and economical.                   The traditional methodologies are fixed and do not allow future changes (Aitken Ilango 2013 p. 4756). That means that once the information system is developed using the traditional methodology, it will be hard to build a new system using it. The expansions or future changes in the information system require engineers and software developers to start a new system. This is not cost effective for business since they are always in a constant growth and keep on improving their information systems. Thus, agile methodology best suits development of a flexible information system that can be upgraded easily. Question 3                     The Structured systems analysis and design method, (SSADM) is one of the widely used methodologies in computer applications in private and public sectors since its inception in 1981. The methodology operates under three principle techniques known as logical data, flow data, and event modelling (Al-Humaidan, Rossiter, 2011, p 3).                  Logical data modelling (LDM) technique involves identification and documentation of the necessary data for business or organization information system. The information that the business wants to record on the information systems is identified and documented for inclusion in software development. Consequently, the data flow modelling (DFM) techniques involves identification, modelling and documentation of how the identified data using LDM technique will flow in the information system. It gives details on how various data will be transformed in the system. Then, event modelling (EM) technique identifies and documents the sequence of events in DFM.                     The techniques help the engineers to develop information system that meets the end users need since it allows participation of all the stakeholders. However, inadequate research may result to development of poor information systems, which may be cost to the business. The SSADM uses various tools that are important in development of information system. Data flow diagram, (DFD) highlights all the data pathways, while other tools such as data dictionary, decision trees and tables give guidelines on data classifications. The tools make operation of the information easier for the end users.                      Unified modelling language, (UML) is a language used in software engineering. It helps the developers to create a system using a standardized language that can be understood easily by both the participants and the system. The main techniques and tools used are diagram and language structures such as class, interactions and activity diagrams (Al-Humaidan, Rossiter, 2011, p 4).                      The main difference between SSADM and UML is that the former interfaces are composed of design dialogue while the latter utilises components and classes of modelled diagrams as interface (Al-Humaidan, Rossiter, 2011 p. 24-29). In addition, SSADM uses requirement catalogue as the data resources while UML uses modelled stereotype features as data sources. Question 4                     Software development approach entails identification the information system issues and making decision of how the issues should be solved and the solution remains viable. Waterfall approaches Figure1: Winston W. Royce waterfall approach and its analogous waterfall (Habib, 2013 n.p) Critical evaluation                      The approach helps to develop software in a top down development consisting of independent steps that are completed sequentially. The engineers are able to evaluate each step independent and develop consecutive phases based on completed ones. The methodology is fast and effective for development of small information systems. However, methodology is not suitable to develop large information system because it is slow and cumbersome. In addition, the approach is costly and a short term. According to Stoica et al, (2013, p. 68) this method requires product definition, clear understanding of requirements and technology, and expertise and the system is short lived. End users approach                     In this approach, the end user is the focus in the development of the information system. The information system is designed in such a way that it is able to meet the end-users needs. The approach may involve modification of commercial off-shelf software (COTs). Critical evaluation                     The approach does not involve formal designing of the information system. The approach does not require documentation of the project. The end user is the main controller of the information system developed from this approach. However, it is not fit for large business and lack of documentation limits future changes of the information system would be very hard. Thus, the approach is not economical especially of growing enterprises.                   When the size of the project is large, the software development approach is based on the cost or budget limitations, timeframe taken by the approach, and the flexibility of the approach. This is because, the organizations designs information systems that are economical in that they does not affect their profitability and operations. Approaches that are cheap and are executed in a short span of time are preferred to others that are costly and take long time before completion Reference Aitken, A., Ilango, V. 2013. A comparative analysis of traditional software engineering and agile software development. In  System Sciences (HICSS), 2013 46th Hawaii International Conference on  (pp. 4751-4760). IEEE.Al-Humaidan, F., Rossiter, B. N. 2011. A Taxonomy and Evaluation for Systems Analysis Methodologies in a Workflow Context: Structured Systems Analysis Design Method (SSADM), Unified Modelling Language (UML), Unified Process, Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) and Organisation Process Modelling (OPM).  Technical Report Series-University Of Newcastle Upon Tyne Computing Science. Baguio central University 2011.Dynamic System Development Methodology.[Online]. http://www.slideshare.net/mayjoyce89/dynamic-system-development-method. Batra, D., Weidong, X., VanderMeer, D., Dutta, K. 2010.Balancing Agile and Structured Development Approaches to Successfully Manage Large Distributed Software Projects: A Case Study from the Cruise Line Industry. Communications Of The Association For Information Systems, 27 383. Habib M, 2013. Agile software development methodologies and how to apply them. [Online] Retrieved from http://www.codeproject.com/Articles/604417/Agile-software-development-methodologies-and-how-t.accessedRao, K. N., Naidu, G. K., Chakka, P. 2011. A study of the agile software development methods, applicability and implications in industry.  International Journal of Software Engineering and its applications,  5,2, 35-45. Stoica, M., Mircea, M., Ghilic-Micu, B. 2013. Software Development: Agile vs. Traditional. InformaticaEconomica, 17,4, 64-76. Source document

The Importance of Successful Communication Essay -- Communication Proc

The importance in being able to effectively communicate with others is essential in our everyday lives. Although everyone participates in some process of communication, not everyone knows how to communicate well. Communication is a process involving the encoding and decoding of messages being sent and received by a source and receiver, respectively. Messages are sent through various channels, such as face-to-face interaction, electronic mail, text messages, and telephone. Depending upon the channel used to communicate a message, it may allow for the communication to be transactional or unilateral. All of this occurs within a certain context, and it may also include noise factors, such as cultural differences or physical distractions, that may disrupt the effectiveness of the message being communicated. The more knowledgeable one is of the multiple factors involved in the communication process, the better the chances of effective and efficient communication. In Organizational Behavior, John Schermerhorn et al believes that â€Å"it is useful to think of communication as a process of sending and receiving messages with attached meanings† (190). Mission Hospital is where I work, vast amounts of messages are sent and received daily, and depending on its availability, certain channels will be utilized. Due to the high volume of different messages, there is always the chance that some messages will be successful while others are not. An example of an unsuccessful message, where ...

Ella Enchanted Gender Movie Review

Ella Enchanted is a 2004 British-American film based on Gail Carson Levine's 1997  novel Ella Enchanted. The book itself is based upon Cinderella but now with the addition of mythical creatures like ogres, elves, and fairies. It has been said by critics that Ella Enchanted, the movie, varies so much from the book that people should be â€Å"regarding the movie as a separate creative act. † The movie follows Ella who was given â€Å"the gift of obedience† by her fairy god mother as a child.She spends most of the movie being controlled by various characters, from her step-sisters to the king of the kingdom. The main plot point of the novel is her journey to get the spell reversed which in the end she releases herself from the spell and then helps the prince. Anne Hathaway plays Ella and Hugh Dancy plays Prince Charmont, who end up getting married. For how terrible this movie was, they did well with what they had to work with.This movie aims for  Princess Bride  self -awareness and the kind of anachronistic comedy lately popularized by the  Shrek  movies  but rooted in the British stage â€Å"panto† tradition. There were cheesy dance numbers and a couple oddly placed outbursts of song, despite the fact that this isn’t a musical. Or at least it wasn’t for most of the production. Anne and Hugh had great chemistry, which was essential because they end up getting married in the end after they fall in love after a disgustingly short amount of time. Both had what their specific role called for and a good comedic timing.Anne has the child-like purity but also the confidence and smarts of a mature young woman that was needed to play a 19-year old where Hugh had the charisma, looks and intelligence to be the believable heir to a kingdom. The actual film itself was horrendous. The use of green screens and special effects to create the setting and the creatures like giants and ogres were trivial and very primary. Elves are just J ewish guys in green tights. Giants are normal people (some of them in mini-skirts) projected up on a green screen behind the primary actors.Ogres are fat guys with blue spray paint on their heads. They tried to make this fairy tale more relatable to modern times by changing the wardrobe from actual medieval wear to tacky 70s rip offs for the ladies and cartoon-ish attire for the men. Incorporating modern technology into this movie didn’t help it any either. With a crank-powered wooden escalator to an emergency button that dropped ninjas from the roof (that resembles the likes of a fire alarm), it was tacky and confusing. Though,  Ella Enchanted  avoids a misstep common mong girl-empowerment flicks, which often feel compelled to emasculate the male lead in order to make the heroine truly heroic. This approach backfires, of course, since it’s unsatisfying for the heroine to wind up with a wimp who doesn’t deserve her; she needs a  worthy  suitor. The film satirizes the teen-idol-worship culture of its own target audience with scenes of screaming maidens swooning over dashing Prince Char, while the more sensible Ella protests injustices committed by Char’s nefarious uncle.Of course Char is intrigued by Ella’s lack of interest in him, and she in turn begins to respond to his attentions. Ella is meant to be seen as a feminist-like character that cares about equal rights and disinterested in appealing to the prince with her appearance or actions, which is pretty cool to see in a children’s film. Seeing how the book is based on Cinderella, I think it’s quite an improvement in role models. Cinderella was just obedient and cried a lot but Ella works to fix her issues determinedly.

Conflict Theory A Theoretical Framework - 1304 Words

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